Loyalists Reply

In the time immediately after the Revolutionary War in the US, what was the attitude towards those who had supported Britain?

British troops and allies evacuate New York in November 1783.

The narrative for this topic usually begins and ends with the fact that more than 60,000 Loyalists fled the country when British troops left after the Treaty of Paris. Many went to Canada, where they formed a segment of the population uniquely loyal to the British Empire. But that isn’t the whole story. A more comprehensive answer is much more complex, and ends up with the fact that most Loyalists were able to rejoin American society after the war. As one historian puts it:

“After the American Revolution a number of Loyalists, those colonial Americans who remained loyal to England during the War for Independence, did not relocate to the other dominions of the British Empire. Instead, they sought to return to their homes and restart their lives. Despite fierce opposition to their return from all across the Confederation, their attempts to become part of a newly independent America were generally successful. Thus, after several years of struggle most former Loyalists who wanted to return were able to do so.” (Aaron Coleman, PhD, currently professor of history at the University of the Cumberlands in Kentucky.)

The War of Independence was long and hard. Loyalist militias and volunteer units had fought with the British, burning homes of Patriots and fighting battles against Continental forces. Obviously many people in the new country had serious grievances against Loyalists.

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Timing Reply

Why did the United States achieve independence in 1776 and not in 1676?

King Philip’s War between Native American tribes and the English settlers and their native allies convulsed New England in 1676–77. This engraving is believed to show an attack on Sudbury, Massachusetts, on April 21, 1676 — almost exactly 100 years before the outbreak of the American War of Independence.

The colonies were kind of busy in 1676:

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Historical Q&A Reply

Did the United states civil war armies, both the North and the South, really execute deserters when they caught them?

Desertion was certainly the most frequent offense for which capital punishment was possible in both armies. The picture above shows what sometimes happened to a deserter — he sat on a coffin, faced a firing squad, and was shot. (From “Hard Tack and Coffee: Soldier’s Life in the Civil War,” by John D. Billings, originally published 1888.)

However, the death penalty was rarely imposed. According to the renowned historian Bell Irvin Wiley:

In the Union’s Army of the Potomac, between July 1 and November 30, 1863, “592 men were tried for desertion, 291 were found guilty, 80 received capital sentences, and 21 were eventually shot.” In the same period, 2,000 deserters were returned to their regiments. (“The Life of Billy Yank: The Common Soldier of the Union,” Louisiana University Press, 1998.)


On the Confederate side, mostly Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia, in the last six month of the war, 245 men were convicted of desertion, and 70 were sentenced to be executed; 31 of these sentences were set aside in a general amnesty of February 1865. (“The Life of Johnny Reb: The Common Soldier of the Confederacy,” Louisiana State University Press, 1991.)

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